PARK NARODNIH HEROJEV

Stane Jarm in Zoran Didek – soustvarjalca parka

 

Park narodnih herojev, odprt leta 1973, se nahaja na Ljubljanski cesti blizu Gimnazije in srednje šole Kočevje, pred nekdanjo Rudarsko upravno zgradbo. Danes je tu osem kipov, posvečenih narodnim herojem. Od leve proti desni se na 110 cm visokih kamnitih ter 49 cm visokih marmornatih podstavkih nahajajo portreti Ivana Omerza-Johana (1921–1943), Antona Marinclja-Janka (1917–1943), Jožeta Šeška (1908–1942), Dušana Remiha-Duška (1922–1944) in Evgena Matejke-Pemca (1909–1945). Kasneje sta parku bila dodana spomenika Jožeta Boldana-Silnega (1915–1994) in Andreja Cetinskega-Leva (1921–1998), čigar avtor ni znan. Leta 2018 so park obogatili še s spomenikom Jožeta Ožbolta-Stanka (1922–2018), ki so ga odkrili po Jarmovi smrti.

Arhitekturo parka je zasnoval slovenski slikar in pedagog Zoran Didek. Rodil se je 11. junija 1910 v Ljubljani, umrl pa je 27. oktobra 1975. Poučeval je na srednjih in višjih šolah na Hrvaškem, in sicer na Krku, v Zagrebu in Sarajevu. Od leta 1967 do 1974 je Didek poučeval na Akademiji za likovno umetnost in oblikovanje v Ljubljani. Navdih za svoja dela je črpal na Dolenjskem. Poleg parka se v Kočevju nahaja še eno Didkovo delo z vojno tematiko. To je Spomenik NOB, ki se nahaja pri Nami, na mestu, kjer je včasih stal Auerspergov grad. 1975 je prejel Prešernovo nagrado za življenjsko delo in razstavo iz leta 1974.

Sedem od osmih spomenikov je oblikoval in naredil Stane Jarm. Slovenski kipar, pedagog in grafik, rojen 31. oktobra 1931, je bil nagrajen s Prešernovo nagrado leta 1964 in Šeškovo nagrado za življenjsko delo leta 1988. Poleg portretov se v Kočevju nahaja več Jarmovih del, kot so na primer Deklica s piščalko, Gozdna nevesta in 16 skulptur v forma vivi na Marofu. Jarm je umrl 1. oktobra 2011 v Kočevju, ravno ko je tam potekalo prvo kulturno leto, ki je bilo posvečeno prav njemu. 2012 je bil kot prvi posthumno nagrejen s Priznanjem Občine Kočevje Deklica s piščalko, ki je dobilo ime po Jarmovem kipu.

Park je bil odprt približno 30 let po smrti 5 narodnih herojev (Omerze, Marinclja, Šeška, Remiha ter Matejke) in koncu narodnoosvobodilnega boja, ki je terjal kar okoli 27 000 partizanskih žrtev, torej v času sodobne umetnosti. Podstavki spomenikov so narejeni iz kamna in marmorja, sami portreti, ki so bili večinoma izdelani na podlagi fotografij, pa so nastali z vlivanjem brona v modele. Z uporabo brona, ki obarva obraze v sivo-zeleno barvo, je Jarm portretirance upodobil realistično, kakor so bili videti v resnici, hkrati je prikazal tudi njihovo duševnost in značaj. Spomeniki so postavljeni v vodoravni liniji, večinoma na enaki medsebojni razdajlji in so obrnjeni proti cesti.

Za predstavitev Parka narodnih herojev sem se odločil, ker se z njim srečujem skoraj vsak dan, saj obiskujem Gimnazijo in srednjo šolo Kočevje in ker se mi zdi tema zanimiva. Vsakega 1. novembra pred parkom s Pihalnim orkestrom Kočevje igramo tudi pogrebne koračnice. Spomeniki me popeljejo v preteklost in menim, da se je pomembno spominjati vojne ter žrtev. Obrazi mi pogosto pritegnejo pozornost, ko grem mimo, še sploh zdaj, po pisanju članka. Zadnji spomenik, ki je bil odkrit po Jarmovi smrti, je tudi obudil spomin na umetnika in njegova ostala dela, ki se nahajajo v Kočevju in okolici.

Pablo Porenta, 3.b

 

Viri in literatura:

1. eu. (2021). KOČEVJE – PARK NARODNIH HEROJEV. [Online]. [Čas zadnje spremembe: neznano]. [Citirano 25. novembra 2021; 11:49]. Dostopno na spletnem naslovu: https://kraji.eu/slovenija/kocevje_park_narodnih_herojev/slo
2. Zb-kocevje.si. (2021). KOČEVJE – PARK NARODNIH HEROJEV. [Online]. [Čas zadnje spremembe: neznano]. [Citirano 25. novembra 2021; 12:23]. Dostopno na spletnem naslovu: http://www.zb-kocevje.si/kocevje_park.htm
3. LESKOVŠEK – SVETE, M. (2021). DL: Park narodnih herojev – Po 45 letih so mu dodali še zadnji kip. [Online]. [Čas zadnje spremembe: 18.1.2019; 10:50]. [Citirano 25. novembra 2021; 12:31]. Dostopno na spletnem naslovu: https://www.lokalno.si/2019/01/18/212593/aktualno/DL_Park_narodnih_herojev___Po_45_letih_so_mu_dodali_se_zadnji_kip/
4. org. (2021). Stane Jarm. [Online]. [Čas zadnje spremembe: 7. december 2020‎; 5:53]. [Citirano 2. decembra 2021; 11:38]. Dostopno na spl. naslovu: https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stane_Jarm
5. org. (2021). Zoran Didek. [Online]. [Čas zadnje spremembe: 19. marec 2021‎; 23:49]. [Citirano 2. decembra 2021; 11:38]. Dostopno na spl. naslovu: https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoran_Didek
6. ŠMAJDEK, P. (2021). KOČEVJE – Spomenik NOB. [Online]. [Čas zadnje spremembe: 11 november 2011; 16:10]. [Citirano 4. januarja 2022; 15:57]. Dostopno na spletnem naslovu: http://spomeniki.blogspot.com/2011/11/kocevje.html
7. ILICH KLANČNIK, B., KOVAČIČ, N., ROGINA, B. (2012). Stane Jarm – kipar. Spomeniki Staneta Jarma na Kočevskem. Kočevje. Pokrajinski muzej. Str. 93.

 

 

THE PARK OF NATIONAL HEROES

Stane Jarm and Zoran Didek – co-creators of the park

 

The Park of National Heroes, which was opened in 1973, is located on Ljubljanska cesta street near the secondary school Gimnazija in srednja šola Kočevje in front of the former mining administrative building. Today there are eight sculptures dedicated to national heroes here. From left to right on 110 cm tall stone and 49 cm tall marble pedestals there are portraits of Ivan Omerza-Johan (1921–1943), Anton Marincelj-Janko (1917–1943), Jože Šeško (1908–1942), Dušan Remih-Duško (1922–1944) and Evgen Matejka-Pemc (1909–1945). The sculptures of Jože Boldan-Silni (1915–1994) and Andrej Cetinski-Lev (1921–1998), the author of which remains unknown, were added later to the park. In 2018, the park was enriched with the sculpture of Jože Ožbolt-Stanko (1922–2018), which was unveiled after Jarm’s death.

The architecture of the park was designed by Slovenian painter and art teacher Zoran Didek. He was born on June 11, 1910 in Ljubljana and died on October 27, 1975. He taught at secondary schools and colleges in Croatia, namely on Krk, in Zagreb and Sarajevo. From 1967 to 1974, Didek taught at the Academy of Fine Arts and Design in Ljubljana. He drew inspiration for his work in the Dolenjska region. In addition to the park, there is another war-themed work by Didek in Kočevje. That’s Spomenik NOB (Monument of the National Liberation War), located near the shopping centre Nama, at the site where the Auersperg Castle once stood. In 1975 he received the Prešeren Lifetime Achievement Award for his 1974 exhibition.

 

Seven of the eight sculptures were designed and created by Stane Jarm. The Slovenian sculptor, art teacher and graphic artist, born on 31 October 1931, was awarded the Prešeren Award in 1964 and the Šeško Lifetime Achievement Award in 1988. In addition to the sculptures, there are several of Jarm’s works in Kočevje, such as Deklica s piščalko (A Girl with a Flute), Gozdna nevesta (The Forest Bride) and 16 sculptures in Forma Viva at Marof. Jarm died on October 1, 2011 in Kočevje, in the time of the first cultural year, which was dedicated to him. In 2012, he was the first artist to have been posthumously awarded with Deklica s piščalko (A Girl with a Flute Award) by the Municipality of Kočevje. This artistic award was named after his statue.

The park was opened about 30 years after the death of 5 national heroes (Omerza, Marincelj, Šeško, Remih, Matejka) and the end of the national liberation struggle, which claimed around 27,000 partisan victims, i.e. in the time of contemporary art. The pedestals of the sculptures are made of stone and marble. The portraits, which were mostly designed on the basis of photographs, were created by casting bronze into models. Using bronze, which paints the faces gray and green, Jarm portrayed the heroes realistically as they looked in reality, while also showing their mentality and character. The sculptures are placed in a horizontal line, mostly at equal distances from each other, and they face the road.

I decided to present The Park of National Heroes because I walk past it almost every day, since I attend the secondary school Gimnazija in srednja šola Kočevje, and because I find the topic interesting. Every November 1, we also play funeral marches in front of the park with the Kočevje Wind Orchestra. The sculptures take me back in time and I think it is important to remember the war and its victims. Faces often catch my attention as I walk past, especially now, after writing this article. The last monument, which was unveiled after Jarm’s death, also revived the memory of the late artist and his other works located in Kočevje and its surroundings.

Pablo Porenta, 3.b (school year 2021/22)

 

Sources and literature:

1. eu. (2021). KOČEVJE – PARK NARODNIH HEROJEV. [Online]. [Last refreshed: unknown]. [Cited: 25 November 2021; 11:49]. Available at:

https://kraji.eu/slovenija/kocevje_park_narodnih_herojev/slo

2. Zb-kocevje.si. (2021). KOČEVJE – PARK NARODNIH HEROJEV. [Online]. [Last refreshed: unknown]. [Cited: 25 November 2021; 12:23]. Available at:

http://www.zb-kocevje.si/kocevje_park.htm

3. LESKOVŠEK – SVETE, M. (2021). DL: Park narodnih herojev – Po 45 letih so mu dodali še zadnji kip. [Online]. [Last refreshed: 18 January 2019; 10:50]. [Cited: 25 November 2021; 12:31]. Available at:

https://www.lokalno.si/2019/01/18/212593/aktualno/DL_Park_narodnih_herojev___Po_45_letih_so_mu_dodali_se_zadnji_kip/

4. org. (2021). Stane Jarm. [Online]. [Last refreshed: 7 December 2020‎; 5:53]. [Cited: 2 December 2021; 11:38]. Available at:

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stane_Jarm

5. org. (2021). Zoran Didek. [Online]. [Last refreshed: 19 March 2021‎; 23:49]. [Cited: 2 December 2021; 11:38]. Available at:

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoran_Didek

6. ŠMAJDEK, P. (2021). KOČEVJE – Spomenik NOB. [Online]. [Last refreshed: 11 November 2011; 16:10]. [Cited: 4 January 2022; 15:57]. Available at:

http://spomeniki.blogspot.com/2011/11/kocevje.html

7. ILICH KLANČNIK, B., KOVAČIČ, N., ROGINA, B. (2012). Stane Jarm – kipar. Spomeniki Staneta Jarma na Kočevskem. Kočevje: Pokrajinski muzej. Page 93.