Stane Jarm in skulpture v lesu
Sane Jarm and wood sculptures
Gozdna nevesta (Forest bride)
Gozd je ekosistem, ki ga sestavljajo različni živi in neživi dejavniki. Ljudje se že od nekdaj zatekajo vanj po zatočišče, osamo in mir. V njem veliko umetnikov najde navdih pa tudi material. Med njimi je tudi Stane Jarm (1931–2011), najpomembnejši kočevski kipar 20. stoletja.
V svojem življenju se je ukvarjal predvsem s kiparstvom, največ je izdeloval iz lesa, do katerega je imel že od otroštva zanimiv in spoštljiv odnos. Kmalu po zaključku šolanja je razvil svoj značilni likovni izraz, ki se imenuje čolnasta forma. Ta največkrat izraža njegova notranja občutja. Sonja Blatnik, ki se je v svoji diplomski nalogi ukvarjala z Jarmovim življenjem, je zapisala: »V svojem kiparstvu si je zastavil zanimivo temačno obravnavo človekovega obraza, ker je na njem našel vse in tako jasno pokazal, kakšen pomen ima zanj obraz.« Pregovor pravi, da so oči ogledalo duše. Umetnik je za ogledalo duše postavil celoten obraz, iz katerega je mogoče razbrati trpljenje in bolečino. Z obrazi je tako Jarm izpovedal notranja čustva in doživetja. Kipe lahko razbiramo kot simboliko za njegovo notranjo tragedijo (trpljenje).
Jarmove umetnine najdemo v Kočevju, pa tudi v drugih slovenskih mestih, na primer: Deklica s piščalko v Kočevju, njegovi značilni obrazi, ki jih je razstavil v Kranju, spomenik Vdovam, postavljen na Forma Vivi v Kostanjevici in seveda stalna razstava, ki jo je s pomočjo občine Osilnica postavil v svoji rojstni hiši. Pred vami je skulptura Gozdna nevesta, ki je bila razstavljena leta 1948 pred Likovnim salonom Kočevje, kjer stoji še danes.
Kip predstavlja nevesto, obdano z gozdom. Njen klobuk iz trikotnikov simbolizira iglasti gozd. Nevesta ima zaprte oči, s čimer izraža milost, zamišljenost in predanost ter zaupanje gozdu. V rokah drži šopek, ki je obrnjen proti opazovalcu. Silhueta neveste je preprosta in se po obliki prilagaja deblu, iz katerega je nastala skulptura. Njeno krilo sega do tal in ima enakomerne vzorce horizontalnih polkrožno vdolbenih žlebičev. Nevesta ima dolge lase, ki se zlijejo z dolgim krilom.
Umetnost 20. stoletja išče najrazličnejše, predvsem nove načine ustvarjanja. Pri tem je bil Stane Jarm zelo uspešen. Našel je svoj in edinstven likovni izraz, ki je blizu ekspresionizmu. Le z izrazi obrazov mu je uspelo ustvariti notranjo stisko, trpljenje, mogoče celo žalost. Zaznamo pa tudi umetnikov poseben pristop k obdelovanju lesa, ki poleg običajnih rezbarskih, vključuje tudi sodobne potrebščine.
Viri in literatura:
GLAVAČ, Marko. (2007). Seminar: intervju z likovnim umetnikom. Stane Jarm, akademski kipar [seminarska naloga pri predmetu analiza sodobne umetnosti ALUO Ljubljana]
BLATNIK, Sonja. (1983). Diplomska naloga: Stane Jarm, akademski slikar [diplomska naloga na Pedagoški akademiji v Ljubljani]
Bili so in ostajajo veliki ljudje: 17. festival Turizmu pomaga lastna glava. (2003). [Geografsko turistični krožek, OŠ Zbora odposlancev]
ŠTEFANIČ, Helena. (2012). Gozdna nevesta, Kipi Staneta Jarma v Kočevju. Kočevje: Kočevski tisk d. d.
AVDIO ZAPIS:
Besedilo: Lea Ambrožič, 2. a
Fotografije: Lea Ambrožič, 2. a
Strokovni pregled: Marjana Dolšina Delač
Jezikovni pregled: Nina Papež
Januar 2020
The forest is an ecosystem, which consists of various animate and inanimate elements. People have always found refuge, isolation and peace in the forest and many artists their inspiration and materials. One of them was also Stene Jarm (1931–2011), the most prominent sculptor of the 20th century in Kočevje.
Most of his life, he devoted to sculpture, predominantly wood, which he had respected already from childhood. Soon after finishing school, he developed his signature artistic expression, the boat-like shape, which mainly expresses his inner feelings. Sonja Blatnik wrote in her thesis about Jarm´s life: »In his sculpture, he focused on the somber treatment of the human face as he was able to find everything in it, and this shows what kind of meaning it had for him.« Similarly the English proverb says, “The eyes reflect the soul.” The artist set the whole face as the mirror of the soul, which reflects suffering and pain. Through faces Jarm expressed his inner feelings and experiences. Sculptures can be understood as symbolic representations of his inner tragedy (suffering).
We can find Jarm´s art in Kočevje and many different cities in Slovenia: Deklica s piščalko (A girl with the flute) in Kočevje, his signature faces exhibited in Kranj, Spomenik Vdovam (Widows’ Memorial) in Forma Viva in Kostanjevica and of course his permanent exhibition, which he set and opened in his birth house with the help of the Municipality of Osilnica. Before you there is Gozdna nevesta (Forest Bride), which was exhibited in 1948 in front of the art gallery Likovni salon Kočevje, where it has since been standing.
The sculpture represents the bride in the arms of the forest. Her hat in the shape of triangles represents a coniferous forest. The bride’s eyes are closed and this expresses mercy, thoughtfulness, her devotion and trust in the forest. In her hands she is holding a bouquet, which is turned towards the observers. The silhouette of the bride is simple and adjusted to the tree trunk, out of which the sculpture was made. Her full-length skirt is covered in evenly spread horizontal semicircular carvings. The bride has long hair, which blends in with her skirt.
The 20th-century art is in constant search of diverse, and above all, new ways of creation and Stane Jarm was very successful at this. He found his unique art expression, which is close to Expressionism. Solely through faces he was able to create inner distress, suffering, maybe even sadness. We can also notice Jarm’s special approach to woodworking, which in addition to the traditional carving tools, also includes modern ones.
Sources:
GLAVAČ, Marko. (2007). Seminar: intervju z likovnim umetnikom. Stane Jarm, akademski kipar [seminarska naloga pri predmetu analiza sodobne umetnosti ALUO Ljubljana]
BLATNIK, Sonja. (1983). Diplomska naloga: Stane Jarm, akademski slikar [diplomska naloga na Pedagoški akademiji v Ljubljani]
Bili so in ostajajo veliki ljudje: 17. festival Turizmu pomaga lastna glava. (2003). [Geografsko turistični krožek, OŠ Zbora odposlancev]
ŠTEFANIČ, Helena. (2012). Gozdna nevesta, Kipi Staneta Jarma v Kočevju. Kočevje: Kočevski tisk d. d.
AUDIO RECORDING:
WRITTEN BY:: Lea Ambrožič
REVIEWED BY: Marjana Dolšina Delač
REVIEWED MY: Ana Mihelič
September 2020