Figura XIII Petra Černeta
Povezava narave in človeka
Figura XIII je umetniško delo umetnika Petra Černeta. Kip je nastal leta 1974. njegove dimenzije so 27,5 cm x 14 cm x 8,5 cm. Narejen je iz brona in zaradi tega ima specifično zeleno-rjavo barvo. Kip je umetnina iz zapuščine družine Oražem iz Kočevja, ki so jo leta 2024. podarili v trajno varstvo Likovnemu salonu Kočevje in pomembno dopolnjuje obstoječo zbirko lokalnih umetnin.
Slika 1-3: Figura XIII (Foto: Elena Jovanović)
Zaradi ploščatosti ga različno dojemamo. Ko ga pogledamo s prednje ali z zadnje strani, izgleda široko, ko ga pogledamo z leve ali z desne strani, izgleda zelo tanko in se nam zdi, da gledamo vijugasto navpično črto, ki je na sredini debelejša in pri koncih tanjša. Zgornji del kipa izgleda kot ptičja glava, zelo podobna glavi pava. Polkrog na glavi predstavlja krono iz perja in okrogli del, ki izhaja iz glave, predstavlja kljun. Pod glavo je zelo dolg vrat in med vratom in trupom sta dve štrlini na obe strani, ki lahko predstavljata človeške roke. Če gledamo navzdol, vidimo najširši del kipa. Ta ovalni polkrožni del lahko predstavlja žensko krilo ali spominja na razkošni pavji rep. Zato vzbuja občutek ošabnosti, ki je glavna značilnost te živali. Med glavo in trupom se spet pojavijo štrline z leve in desne strani kipa, ki lahko predstavljajo del trupa ali še en par človeških rok. V spodnjem delu kipa se nahajata dve dolgi tanki palici, ki predstavljata človeške noge. Kip stoji na podstavku v obliki kvadra, ki mu omogoča, da stoji navpično. Povezava človeka in živali spominja na bitja, kot so kentaver, sfinga ali sirene, značilne za mitologijo starih ljudstev in fantazijske zgodbe antičnih civilizacij.
Kompozicija je navpična, veliko detajlov iz zgornje polovice kipa pritegne pozornost navzgor. Kip je v celoti narejen iz brona in je zeleno-rjav, zato daje videz da je zelo star. Njegova površina je večinoma gladka z nekaj hrapavimi deli.
Slika 4: Peter Černe (Vir: https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_%C4%8Cerne#Umetni%C5%A1ki_opus)
Peter Černe je slovenski kipar, ki se je rodil 16. junija 1931 v Ljubljani, se tu šolal in deloval večino svojega časa in 15. septembra 2012 tudi umrl. Študij kiparstva je končal leta 1955 na ljubljanski Akademiji za likovno umetnost pri profesorjih Zdenku in Borisu Kalinu. Leta 1956 je dobil študentsko Prešernovo nagrado. Naslednje leto je dobil štipendijo Moše Pijada, ki mu je omogočila odhod v Pariz. Razstavljal je doma in v tujini. Leta 1961 se je udeležil prvega mednarodnega srečanja kiparjev v Formi Viva v Kostanjevici na Krki. Nekaj časa je poučeval likovno umetnost. Napisal je tudi Skripto o likovni teoriji in vzgoji skupaj z Lidijo Osterc. Za kiparska dela, ki so bila razstavljena v Škofji Loki leta 1968, je leto kasneje dobil nagrado Prešernovega sklada. Študijsko je obiskoval Amsterdam, London in Verono.
Njegov umetniški stil se je s časom spreminjal in napredoval. Na koncu petdesetih letih je izoblikoval svoj stil z združevanjem zažganega lesa in kovin ali črno pobarvanega lesa in pozlate. Motiv za ta delo so bili pogrebci. V teh časih je bilo barvanje kipov nenavadno, zato je bil njegov stil nekaj novega. Ti kipi so prvi znanilci združevanja raznorodnih oblikovnih prvin živih bitij, ki so se takrat že razvijale v gladko obdelanih lesenih figurah, pobarvanih v nežnih, svetlih tonih. Kipi so povsem zraščenke deklet, rastlin in živali. V nekaterih upodobitvah je človeški videz jasno opazen, v nekaterih manj. V osemdesetih letih je zaradi zdravstvenih težav opustil delo z lesom in bronom ter se preusmeril na glino. Aktiven je bil do pozne starosti. Figura XIII ni bil edini kip, v katerem je umetnik Peter Černe povezal naravo in človeka, obstaja več različnih kipov, ki so izdelani z enako tehniko in imajo enako ali podobno temo, kot so Par ali Gratulantka. Slovenski umetnik ki je tudi združeval podobe živali in ljudi, je bil kipar Janez Boljka, ki je podobno kot Černe deloval v drugi polovici 20. stoletja.
Figura XIII je na prvi pogled zelo čudna in nenavadna, ampak če kip opazujemo več časa, vidimo da predstavlja naravo in človeka. Edinstven je zaradi te povezave živali in človeka, zaradi tega predstavlja abstraktno nenaravno bitje, kaj nasprotuje upodobitvi narave. Všeč mi je, ker si posamezne dele ali celoten kip lahko predstavljamo različno in na drugačne ali podobne načine. Ta kip pokaže, da se podobe iz narave, ki bi nam načeloma bile znane, lahko zdijo tuje in neznano.
Figure XIII Peter Černe
The connection between nature and humans
Figure XIII is a piece of art made by Peter Černe. The statue dates back to 1974. Its dimensions are 27,5 cm x 14 cm x 8,5 cm. It is made of bronze and because of that, it has a specific green-brown colour. The statue is an art piece that had previously been part of the Oražem family heritage, who donated it to the Art salon Kočevje for permanent protection. Moreover, it significantly complements the existing collection of local arts.
Figure XIII is a statue that is special because of its abstract and unspecified shape, which everyone is able to interpret differently. It represents the unusual connection between the natural world and the human world. The statue isn’t big; its height measures only 27,5cm. At first glance it is thin and flat. The centre of the statue is in its upper part, because most of the details are there, making the composition vertical.
Due to its flattened look, we perceive it differently. When we look at it from the front or the back it looks wide, but when we look at it from the left or right it looks thin and it seems as if we’re looking at a squiggly vertical line which is thicker in the middle and thinner on the ends. The upper part of the statue looks like a bird’s head, very similar to a peacock’s. The half-circle halo on the head represents a crown of feathers and the little round part that is sticking out of the head represents a beak. Under the head there is a very long neck and between the neck and the body, there are two protrusions on both sides that could represent human hands. If we look downwards, we see the widest part of the statue. That oval round part could be a skirt or the peacock’s tail. Consequently, it brings out the feeling of arrogance, which is typical of the animal. Between the body and the legs, there are even more protrusions from the right and left sides of the statue that could be part of the body or another set of hands. In the lower part of the statue there are two long, thin poles that represent human legs. The statue stands on a pedestal in the shape of a rectangle that helps support it. The connection between the human being and the animal reminds us of creatures like centaur, the sphinx or sirens, which are typical of the mythology of the ancient civilisations.
The composition is vertical, many details from the upper part of the statue draw our attention upwards. The statue is completely made out of bronze, that’s why it is monochrome (greenish-brown), its surface is mostly smooth with rough parts. The greenish-brown colour gives the impression that the statue is ancient.
Peter Černe is a Slovenian sculptor who was born on January 16, 1931 in Ljubljana, where he went to school and worked most of his life until his death on September 15, 2012. He finished his sculpture studies in 1955 at the Ljubljana Academy of Fine Arts with professors Zdenko and Boris Kalin. In the year 1956 he got the student’s Prešern award, and the following year he got the Moše Pijade scholarship that enabled him to go to Paris. He exhibited in his home country and in foreign countries. In the year 1961 he got his first invitation to the international meeting of sculptors in Formi Viva in Kostanjevci near Krka. For some time, he was researching fine arts. He wrote a script about art theory with Lidija Osterc. For his sculptural works exhibited in Škoflja Loka in 1968, he received the award from the Prešern Fund. He studied in Amsterdam, London and Verona. His art style was changing and evolving throughout the years. In his 50’s he formed his art style by combining burnt wood and metals or black-coloured wood and gilding. The inspiration for his work were morticians. At that time, colouring sculptures wasn’t common, that’s why his art style was something novel. Those sculptures were the first herald of the unification of diverse design elements of living beings, which at that time were already developing in smoothly processed wooden figures painted in gentle, light tones. The sculptures were mostly fusions of girls, plants and animals. In some depictions the human appearance is clearly visible, in others less. In his 80’s he stopped working with wood and bronze and started working with clay because of his health problems. He was actively working until the late years. Figure XIII isn’t the only statue where the sculptor Peter Černe made a connection between nature and humans; more statues that are made with the same technique and have a similar theme exist, for example Par and Gratulantka. Another artist wo was also connecting animals and humans was a Slovenian sculptor Janez Boljka, who worked similarly as Černe in the second half of the 20th century.
Figure XIII is very strange and unusual at first glance, but the more time we spend looking at it, the more we can see that it represents nature and humans. It is unique because of its animal-human connection and because it represents an abstract, unnatural creature, who opposes the depiction of nature. I like it because individual parts or the whole statue can be seen variably and in different or similar ways by everyone. The statue shows us that depictions from nature which should be familiar to us may seem foreign and unknown.
Elena Jovanović,
- b (šolsko leto 2024/2025)
Viri in literatura:
- org. (2023). Peter Černe. [Online]. Čas zadnje spremembe: 21. april 2023; 08:19. Dostopno na spl. naslovu: https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_%C4%8Cerne#Umetni%C5%A1ki_opus
- Kermavnar, Simona (2019) Černe Peter. [Online]. [Datum zadnjega popravljanja 20. avgust 2019]. Dostopno na spletnem naslovu: https://www.slovenska-biografija.si/oseba/sbi1022340/
- Brez avtorja (2024). Peter Černe. [Online]. [Datum zadnjega popravljanja 2024]. Dostopno na spletnem naslovu: https://galerijamak.com/kategorija/kiparji/peter-cerne/